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A red-and-white radicchio head among purple and green leaves

Oregon · Washington · Idaho

When to plant radicchio

Plant in the garden: Portland and Seattle Mar 15 – Apr 19; Spokane Apr 15 – May 20; Boise Apr 1 – May 6; Bend May 12 – Jun 16.

Radicchio is a leaf chicory, related to endive and escarole, grown for crisp, bitter, wine-red leaves. It's eaten raw in salads, where a little goes a long way, or grilled and roasted, which mellows the bitterness. Types are named for towns in northern Italy: round Chioggia, long Treviso and speckled Castelfranco.

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Puts radicchio on your free plan, with dates for your town and a spot in your beds.

Difficulty
Moderate
Sun
Full sun
Spacing
8 to 12 inches apart
Planting depth
¼ inch deep
Frost
Handles light frost; heads sweeten in cold weather
First harvest
About 85 days after planting

A bitter Italian chicory that forms tight red heads. Spring plantings often bolt, so most Northwest growers sow in midsummer for heads in fall, when cool nights sweeten the leaves and deepen the color.

Radicchio planting dates

TownsStart seeds indoorsPlant in the gardenPlant again for fall
Portland, OR, Seattle and Tacoma, WAFeb 1–15Mar 15 – Apr 19Jul 9–30
Spokane, WAMar 4–18Apr 15 – May 20Jul 6–27
Boise and Meridian, ID, Astoria, ORFeb 18 – Mar 4Apr 1 – May 6Jul 9–30
Bend and Redmond, ORMar 31 – Apr 14May 12 – Jun 16—

Dates for six main cities. For any of the other 80 towns, type it in the box at the top of the page or browse all towns.

Radicchio year at a glance

TaskJFMAMJJASOND
Start indoorsFeb
PlantMarAprJul
HarvestSepOctNovDec

Around Portland. Colder towns, especially east of the Cascades, run a few weeks later; the table above has your town's planting dates.

How to grow radicchio

  1. Start seeds indoors on your city's dates in trays or small pots under a grow light or in your sunniest window. Or skip this step and buy young plants (starts) at a garden center.
  2. Harden off the young plants: about a week before planting, set them outside for a few hours a day, a little longer each day.
  3. Plant them in the garden on your city's dates, 8 to 12 inches apart. If you plant seeds instead, sow them ¼ inch deep.
  4. Water deeply once or twice a week rather than a little every day, and mulch once the soil is warm.
  5. Plant again on your city's dates for a fall harvest.
  6. Harvest: Cut heads at the base when they feel firm, usually in fall. Leaves stay green and loose in summer heat; the red color and tight heads come with cool nights.

Growing radicchio in your part of the Northwest

The same plant behaves differently on the wet west side, the foggy coast and the dry, colder east side.

West-side valleys

Willamette Valley, Puget Sound, southern Oregon

Radicchio is traditionally a fall and winter crop. Plants set out in summer form heads in fall, and cold weather mellows the bitterness.

Coast

Oregon and Washington coast

Cool summers suit radicchio, and fall heads are often excellent.

East of the Cascades

Columbia Basin, Yakima, Boise, Spokane, north Idaho

Summer heat makes radicchio bitter and bolt-prone, so plant in midsummer for fall heads.

High desert and mountain towns

Central Oregon, high eastern Oregon valleys, McCall, Salmon

Plant in early summer for fall heads. Plants handle light frost.

More radicchio varieties

More widely sold picks that do well somewhere in the Northwest. The tag says which part of the Northwest suits each one best.

Palla Rossa

Round-headed (Chioggia type) · About 85 days

Tight, round red-and-white heads. Sown in midsummer, it heads up reliably in the cool fall weather west of the Cascades.

West side

Rossa di Treviso

Long-headed · About 85 days

Elongated heads like a red romaine. The color deepens after cold nights; good for grilling.

Both sides

Indigo

Hybrid round-headed · About 65 days

A modern hybrid that forms dense, deep red heads more reliably than older types, and it's slow to bolt.

Both sides

Castelfranco

Speckled, loose head · About 85 days

Creamy leaves speckled with red, milder than most radicchio. Beautiful in salads, and best from late-summer sowings.

West side

How much to grow

How many to plant

For a family of four, 10 to 15 plants sown in midsummer.

What to expect

One head per plant.

Storing the harvest

Heads keep two to four weeks in the fridge.

Key numbers

Top care tip: Water steadily through summer so plants keep growing, and be patient: the heads form as nights cool in fall.

Growing notes

What makes the difference in Northwest gardens, in plain language.

Why timing matters

Radicchio is a chicory, grown for its bitter, red-and-white heads. Like other chicories it responds to day length and temperature: plants sown in spring often send up a flower stalk in summer instead of forming a head.

That's why most Northwest growers sow in June or July, alone or in trays to transplant. Plants grow leaves through summer and form tight heads as nights cool in fall. The cold also turns the leaves a deeper red and takes the edge off the bitterness.

Planting and growing

Sow seeds ¼ inch deep, or start them in trays and transplant at about four weeks old, 8 to 12 inches apart. Keep the soil evenly moist through summer heat so plants don't stall.

Don't worry if summer leaves look green and loose. The outer leaves protect the head, which forms in the center later. Modern hybrids like Indigo head up more reliably than older open-pollinated types.

Harvest and storage

Cut heads at the base when they feel firm, from September through late fall. West of the Cascades, radicchio handles light frost and some varieties hold in the garden into early winter.

Peel off and compost the tattered outer leaves; the head inside is clean. Heads keep for weeks in the fridge. If a plant never forms a head, cut it back to an inch or two in early fall and it may regrow a small one.

Good neighbors and crop rotation

Good neighbors

  • Lettuce. Similar needs; lettuce is picked in summer while radicchio grows.
  • Leeks. Share the bed into late fall.

Daisy family: Lettuce and radicchio have few soil-borne problems and fit anywhere in a rotation. If you've had lettuce drop, a white mold that collapses whole plants, keep them out of that bed for at least three years.

Pests and problems

What most often goes wrong with radicchio in Northwest gardens, how to spot it and what to do.

Slugs

Signs: Slugs hiding inside heads in fall.

What to do: Slug bait and harvest promptly.

No heads

Signs: Loose, green leaves.

What to do: Sow in midsummer; cool fall nights make it head and color up.

Common questions about growing radicchio

When should I plant radicchio in Oregon, Washington and Idaho?

Plant in the garden: Mar 15 – Apr 19 in Portland and Seattle, Apr 15 – May 20 in Spokane, Apr 1 – May 6 in Boise and May 12 – Jun 16 in Bend. Pick your town at the top of the page for your own dates.

Why didn't my radicchio form a head?

Usually it was sown at the wrong time. Spring sowings often bolt, and some older varieties are unreliable. Sow a modern hybrid in midsummer and give it steady water.

Why is my radicchio green instead of red?

The red color develops in cool weather. Leaves stay green through summer, and heads color up as nights cool in fall.

How do I make radicchio less bitter?

Harvest after a few cool nights, soak cut leaves in cold water for half an hour, or grill or roast them. Cooking mellows the bitterness.

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