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Bok choy plants growing in a garden bed

Oregon · Washington · Idaho

When to plant bok choy

Plant in the garden: Portland and Seattle Mar 1 – Apr 5; Spokane Apr 1 – May 6; Boise Mar 20 – Apr 24; Bend Apr 28 – Jun 2.

Bok choy is a Chinese cabbage that grows as a loose rosette of thick white or green stems with dark leaves rather than a tight head. It's stir-fried, steamed or added to soup, and baby bok choy is cooked whole or halved. Botanically it's the same species as napa cabbage and turnips, not round cabbage.

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Puts bok choy on your free plan, with dates for your town and a spot in your beds.

Difficulty
Easy
Sun
Full sun to part shade
Spacing
6 to 10 inches apart
Planting depth
¼ inch deep
Frost
Handles light frost
First harvest
About 45 days after planting

Bolts as days lengthen, so get spring sowings in early. Fall crops are the easiest.

Bok choy planting dates

TownsStart seeds indoorsPlant in the gardenPlant again for fall
Portland, OR, Seattle and Tacoma, WAJan 25 – Feb 8Mar 1 – Apr 5Aug 20 – Sep 3
Spokane, WAFeb 25 – Mar 11Apr 1 – May 6Aug 17–31
Boise and Meridian, IDFeb 13–27Mar 20 – Apr 24Aug 20 – Sep 3
Bend and Redmond, ORMar 24 – Apr 7Apr 28 – Jun 2Jul 20 – Aug 3
Astoria, ORFeb 18 – Mar 4Mar 25 – Apr 29Aug 20 – Sep 3

Dates for six main cities. For any of the other 80 towns, type it in the box at the top of the page or browse all towns.

Bok choy year at a glance

TaskJFMAMJJASOND
Start indoorsJanFeb
PlantMarAprAugSep
HarvestAprMayJunSepOctNov

Around Portland. Colder towns, especially east of the Cascades, run a few weeks later; the table above has your town's planting dates.

How to grow bok choy

  1. Start seeds indoors on your city's dates in trays or small pots under a grow light or in your sunniest window. Or skip this step and buy young plants (starts) at a garden center.
  2. Harden off the young plants: about a week before planting, set them outside for a few hours a day, a little longer each day.
  3. Plant them in the garden on your city's dates, 6 to 10 inches apart. If you plant seeds instead, sow them ¼ inch deep.
  4. Water deeply once or twice a week rather than a little every day, and mulch once the soil is warm.
  5. Plant again on your city's dates for a fall harvest.
  6. Harvest: Cut baby bok choy at about 6 inches tall, or whole heads at full size. Harvest before a flower stalk appears.

Growing bok choy in your part of the Northwest

The same plant behaves differently on the wet west side, the foggy coast and the dry, colder east side.

West-side valleys

Willamette Valley, Puget Sound, southern Oregon

Spring sowings tend to bolt as days lengthen, so the late-summer sowing for fall is usually more reliable. Slugs and flea beetles are the main pests.

Coast

Oregon and Washington coast

Cool summers suit bok choy, though spring plantings still bolt quickly in long June days.

East of the Cascades

Columbia Basin, Yakima, Boise, Spokane, north Idaho

Heat and long days make bok choy bolt fast. Sow for fall harvest in late summer and keep it watered.

High desert and mountain towns

Central Oregon, high eastern Oregon valleys, McCall, Salmon

Grow it in early summer or late summer. A sudden cold spell can make young plants bolt, so cover them on cold nights.

More bok choy varieties

More widely sold picks that do well somewhere in the Northwest. The tag says which part of the Northwest suits each one best.

Joi Choi

Hybrid, white stem · 45 days

Full-size heads with thick white stems and dark green leaves. Slow to bolt and tolerant of both heat and cold, it is one of the most reliable bok choys for spring or fall.

Both sides

Toy Choy

Baby, white stem · 30 days

A miniature that matures at about 4 to 6 inches, perfect for steaming whole. Its speed lets you get a spring crop in before long days trigger bolting.

Both sides

Mei Qing Choi

Baby, green stem · 45 days

A compact Shanghai-type with pale green stems and tender, mild leaves. It is notably slow to bolt, which helps with spring plantings in the Northwest.

Both sides

Black Summer

Hybrid, white stem · 45 days

Very dark green leaves on thick white stems, with good heat tolerance and bolt resistance. A good choice when you want to push a sowing later into spring.

Both sides

How much to grow

How many to plant

For a family of four, 6 to 10 plants every two to three weeks.

What to expect

One head per plant.

Storing the harvest

Keeps about a week in the fridge.

What to plant after bok choy

Around Portland, the bok choy harvest wraps up around June. These crops can still go into the same bed, and they come from a different plant family, which helps with rotation.

Portland dates. Pick your town at the top of the page for yours.

Key numbers

Top care tip: Keep the soil moist and harvest whole plants as soon as they size up, before they bolt.

Growing notes

What makes the difference in Northwest gardens, in plain language.

Soil and feeding

Bok choy grows fast and wants rich, moist soil with compost and a pH of about 6.0 to 7.5. Leafy crops like it need nitrogen, so mix in a balanced fertilizer at planting. Keep the soil evenly moist; dry soil makes stems stringy and pushes plants toward flowering. Space according to the size you want: closer for baby bok choy like Toy Choy, wider for full heads like Joi Choi.

What makes bok choy bolt

Two things push bok choy to flower: long days and a spell of chilly weather while plants are young. A week or more of nights below about 50°F after transplanting can trigger bolting later, even if the plant looks fine. That's why spring crops in the Northwest are tricky and why the guide calls fall crops the easiest. Sow or transplant spring bok choy once the worst cold is past, protect it with row cover, and harvest early. For fall, sow in mid to late summer so plants mature in shortening, cool days. Mei Qing Choi is known for holding well.

Pests and harvest

Flea beetles riddle young leaves in spring, and slugs hide in the stems during wet Northwest weather. Row cover from sowing day and iron phosphate slug bait handle both, and cabbage worms are kept out by the same cover. Harvest baby plants at about 6 inches tall, or cut full heads at the base before a flower stalk appears. You can also pick outer leaves over time. Bok choy keeps about a week in the fridge in a bag.

Good neighbors and crop rotation

Good neighbors

  • Lettuce. Similar timing and size.
  • Onions. Fit around the heads.

Keep apart

  • Other cabbage-family crops in the same bed every year. Shared pests and clubroot build up; rotate.

Cabbage family: Grow cabbage-family crops in a different bed each year and come back to the same spot only every three or four years. Clubroot, which swells and knots the roots, lives in the soil for many years once it arrives, and root maggot pupae wait in last year's bed.

Pests and problems

What most often goes wrong with bok choy in Northwest gardens, how to spot it and what to do.

Flea beetles

Signs: Tiny holes in the leaves.

What to do: Row cover from planting.

Slugs

Signs: Holes in leaves and slime.

What to do: Slug bait.

Bolting

Signs: Plants flower early.

What to do: Plant early or late summer; cold snaps after planting also trigger it.

Common questions about growing bok choy

When should I plant bok choy in Oregon, Washington and Idaho?

Plant in the garden: Mar 1 – Apr 5 in Portland and Seattle, Apr 1 – May 6 in Spokane, Mar 20 – Apr 24 in Boise and Apr 28 – Jun 2 in Bend. Pick your town at the top of the page for your own dates.

Why is my bok choy bolting?

Long spring days and chilly nights after planting both trigger flowering. Plant in late summer for fall harvest, or wait for milder spring weather and harvest young. Steady watering helps too.

What is eating holes in my bok choy?

Small round holes are usually flea beetles; bigger ragged holes and slime trails mean slugs. Row cover keeps out flea beetles, and iron phosphate bait controls slugs safely.

Can I harvest bok choy more than once?

Yes. Pick outer leaves as needed, or cut the whole plant an inch above the soil and it may regrow smaller leaves. Harvest before it starts to flower.

Also on these lists:

More cabbage family

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